1820
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'''1820''' was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
Events
January 1 - Constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to summoning of Spain|Spanish parliament (March 7) and restoration of 1812 Constitution (March 8) by king Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII. (See Mid-nineteenth century Spain.)
January 28 - Imperial Russia|Russian expedition lead by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev approaches the Antarctica|Antarctic coast. (See History of Antarctica.)
January 29 - George IV of the United Kingdom ascends the Throne, ending the period known as the English Regency.
January 30 - Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctica|Antarctic mainland. (See History of Antarctica.)
February 6 - 86 free African American colonists sail from New York City to Freetown, Sierra Leone.
February 23 - The Cato Street conspiracy is exposed. The principals are executed on May 1
March 3 & March 6|6 - Slavery in the United States: The Missouri Compromise becomes law.
March 15 - Maine is admitted as the 23rd U.S. state.
April - Radical War in Scotland
May 1 - Last hanging drawing and quartering in United Kingdom|Britain – Cato Street Conspiracy|Cato Street conspirators for treason (only hanged and beheaded) (See Capital punishment in the United Kingdom.)
Spring (season)|Spring - Joseph Smith, Jr. at age 14 claims to be visited in a vision by God and Jesus (Tradition holds that this occurred on April 6)
July - Constitutionalist revolution in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
August 24 - Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal; revolution in Lisbon, September 15 (See History_of_Portugal#Crises_of_the_Nineteenth_Century|Portugal's crises of the Nineteenth Century.)
October 9 - Guayaquil declare independence from Spain. (See also History of Ecuador).
October 25-November 20 - Congress of Troppau (Opava) between rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia
November - U.S. presidential election, 1820|U.S. presidential election: James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed.
November 17 - Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first United States|American to see Antarctica (the Palmer Peninsula was later named after him).
Unknown date
The 6th Edition of Encyclopædia Britannica begins appearing.
Republic of Buenos Aires (Argentina) establishes a penal colony in Falkland Islands.
Venus de Milo found on the island of Melos.
Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Births
January 17 - Anne Brontë, English author (d. 1849)
February 8 - William Tecumseh Sherman, American Civil War general (d. 1891)
February 15 - Susan B. Anthony, American suffragist (d. 1906)
February 17 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (d. 1881)
February 28 - John Tenniel, English illustrator (d. 1914)
March 3 - Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist and temperance movement pioneer (d. ?).
March 14 - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)
May 12 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (d. 1910)
May 27 - Mathilde Bonaparte, Italian princess (d. 1904)
July 23 - Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889)
September 17 - Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)
September 27 - Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (d. 1878)
September 29 - Comte de Chambord, claimant to the French throne (d. 1883)
October 6 - Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)
November 23 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (d. 1884)
November 28 - Friedrich Engels, German social philosopher (d. 1895)
Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist activist (d. 1913)
Deaths
January 29 - King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
February 14 - Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry (stabbed) (b. 1778)
March 22 - Stephen Decatur, American sailor (b. 1779)
June 19 - Sir Joseph Banks, British naturalist and botanist (b. 1743)
September 3 - Benjamin Latrobe, English architect (b. 1764)
October 15 - Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1771)
December 25 - Joseph Fouché, French statesman (b. 1763)
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