1869
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'''1869''' is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar).
Events
March 1 - North German Confederation issues 10groschen|gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin
May 4 - Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan.
May 6 - Purdue University founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
May 10 - First Transcontinental Railroad (North America)|Transcontinental Railroad completed at Promontory, Utah.
May 15 - Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
May 26 - Last public hanging in United Kingdom|Britain - Fenians|Fenian bomber Michael Barrett
May 29 - British parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill ending public hanging
August 4'''/'''August 12|12 - Joshua A. Norton|Emperor Norton I of the United States abolished both the United States Democratic Party|Democratic and United States Republican Party|Republican parties.
August 9 - August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
August 20 - Abergele Train Disaster - ''Irish Mail'' passenger train collides with cargo trucks loaded with paraffin - 33 dead; First major train disaster in Britain
August 31 - Mary Ward (scientist)|Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
September 11 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument
October 16 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal ''Nature (journal)|Nature'' is published.
November 6 - The first College American football|intercollegiate American football game is played. Rutgers defeats Princeton, 6 to 4.
November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
November 23 - In Dumbarton, Scotland the clipper ship ''Cutty Sark'' is launched (it was one of the last clipper ships to be built, and the only one surviving to the present day).
December 10 - First American chapter of Kappa Sigma founded at the University of Virginia.
December 31 - War of the Triple Alliance|Triple Alliance forces take Asuncion
Basutoland becomes British protectorate
British parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment
Venancio Flores murdered in Montevideo
Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as President of the United States of America.
Fire burns down about 75% of Hancock, Michigan
Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42 year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad
James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald, asks Henry Morton Stanley to go and find David Livingstone|Dr Livingstone, despite him not being lost or in difficulty.
The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans (Choshu, Tosa Province|Tosa, Hizen Province|Hizen and Satsuma Province|Satsuma) and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors, on reduced revenues.
Invention of barbed wire, see ranching.
H. J. Heinz Company established.
Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
The Roman Catholic Church prohibits abortion under any circumstance.
"Michigan relics" appear
Goldman Sachs and Co. was founded
Births
January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player (d. 1960)
January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
January 15 - Stanislaw Wyspianski|Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
February 14 - Charles Wilson (physicist)|Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
March 5 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
March 21 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (d. 1932)
April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player (d. 1928)
April 4 - Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
April 8 - Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German Composer (d. 1949)
May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
June 17 - Flora Finch, English-born comedienne (d. 1940)
June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
October 2 - Mohandas Gandhi, founder of the modern Indian state and proponent of nonviolence (d. 1948)
October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
November 10 - Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader.
November 22 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta (d. 1949)
November 30 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)
Deaths
March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
May 11 - Hijikata Toshizou, 2nd commander of the Shinsengumi (b. 1835)
October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk American composer and pianist (b. 1829)
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