1870
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'''1870''' was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
Events
January - April
January 1 - Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are done.
January 2 - Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.
January 6 - The inauguration of the Musikverein, Vienna|Musikverein (Vienna).
January 10 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil
January 15 - A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the United States Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast for ''Harper's Weekly'').
January 26 - American Civil War: Virginia rejoins the Union
January 27 - First college sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, is formed at DePauw University
February - Vrain Denis-Lucas in sentenced for two years in prison for multiple forgery in Paris
February 2 - It is revealed that the famed Cardiff Giant was just carved gypsum and not the petrified remains of a human.
February 3 - The United States Constitution/Amendment Fifteen|15th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed
February 10 - Anaheim, California is incorporated.
February 10 - The YWCA is founded (New York, New York|New York City)
February 12 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah|Utah Territory.
February 23 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
February 25 - Hiram Rhoades Revels, a United States Republican Party|Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress
February 26 - In New York City, the first pneumatic-metro|subway is opened.
February 28 - The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
March 2 - Francisco Solano López' last troops cornered by War of the Triple Alliance|Triple Alliance troops at Cerro Cora. López refuses to surrender and is killed. Fighting ends in Paraguay - the War of the Triple Alliance is over
March 30 - Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
April 11 - Irish peer Lord Muncaster and his entourage kidnapped in Greece
April 22 - Vladimir Lenin is born
May - August
May 12 - The Canada|Canadian province of Manitoba is created in response to Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion
May 14 - First rugby football|rugby match to be played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College.
May 24 - The Port Adelaide Football Club play their first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville, South Australia.
June 22 - U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.
June 26 - Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States
July 13 - The Emser Depesche serves as a reason for a war between Prussia and France
July 15 - Reconstruction: Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia becomes the last former Confederate States of America | Confederate states to be readmitted to the United States|Union, and the CSA is dissoluted.
July 19 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
September - December
September 2 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan - Prussian forces defeat the France|French armies and take emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at Sedan, France|Sedan.
September 4 - Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the French Third Republic|Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugenie flees to England with her children.
September 6 - Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, votes in the morning, becoming the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
September 20 - With ''Bersaglieri'' soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed. End of the temporal power of Papacy.
October 2 – Referendum in Rome supports joining the Italy with 133681 against 1500. Decision is made official October 6. Rome becomes the capital of Unification of Italy|unified Italy
October 8 - Leon Michel Gambetta escapes the besieged Paris in a hot-air balloon
November 1 - In the United States, the newly-created Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official Meteorology|meteorological forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
November 16 - Spain|Spanish Cortes Generales|Cortes proclaims Amadeo de Saboya as king Amadeus I of Spain.
December – Assassination of Juan Prim, Prime minister of Spain
Unknown date
Franco-Prussian War
Term "economics" first used, by Alfred Marshall
In England, the Forfeiture Act was passed, abolishing the punishment of Hanged, drawn and quartered| hanging, drawing and quartering.
Births
January 2 - Ernst Barlach, German sculptor, graphic artist, and poet (d. 1938)
January 8 - Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain (d. 1930)
February 7 - Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (d. 1937)
March 5 - Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
March 17 - Horace Donisthorpe, English entomologist (d. 1951)
March 20 - Paul Erich von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
April 22 - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary, first leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1924)
April 30 - Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948)
May 19 - Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936)
June 13 - Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)
July 3 - Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
July 12 - Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949)
July 29 - George Dixon (boxer)|George Dixon, Canadian boxer (d. 1909)
August 11 - Tom Richardson English cricketer (d. 1912)
August 31 - Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952)
September 26 - King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
September 30 - Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
October 10 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
November 21 - Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official (d. 1964)
November 27 - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956)
December 5 - Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (d. 1949)
December 12 - Walter Benona Sharp, American oil pioneer (d. 1912)
December 18 - Saki, English writer (d. 1918)
Deaths
January 29 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
February 7 - Sylvain Salnave a Hatian president
February 19 - Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (b. 1812)
March 28 - George Henry Thomas, American general (b. 1816)
May 6 - James Young Simpson|Sir James Young Simpson, Scottish physician and researcher (b. 1811)
June 9 - Charles Dickens, British novelist (b. 1812)
July 20 - Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt|Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt, French writer and publisher (b. 1822)
September 12 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author and explorer (b. 1836)
September 23 - Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803)
October 12 - Robert E. Lee, American Confederate general (b. 1807)
November 24 - Comte de Lautreamont, French poet and writer (b. 1846)
November 28 - Frédéric Bazille, French painter (b. 1841)
December 5 - Alexandre Dumas, père, French author (b. 1802)
December 27 - General Prim, Spanish dictator (b. 1814)
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