1875
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'''1875''' was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
In the ISO 8601 calendar, 1875 is defined as the year the Convention du Mètre was originally signed, by way of a reference year.
Events
January - April
January 12 - Kwang-su becomes emperor of China.
February 27 - Newton Booth, 11th List of Governors of California | Governor of California resigns, having been elected List of former members of the U.S. Senate | Senator. Lieutenant Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco becomes acting Governor. He is later replaced by elected governor William Irwin.
March 3 - The first performance of Bizet’s ''Carmen'' at the Opéra Comique, Paris
March 3 - The first organized indoor game of ice hockey was played between two pick-up teams at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal.
May - August
May 7 - SS Schiller wrecks on rocks off the Isles of Scilly.
May 17 - Aristides (horse)|Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby.
May 20 - Convention du Mètre signed in Paris.
August 25 - Captain Matthew Webb becomes the List of firsts|first person to swim the English Channel.
September - December
September 1 - A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Ireland|Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
November 9 - Indian Wars: In Washington, D.C., Indian Inspector E.C. Watkins issues a report stating that hundreds of Sioux and Cheyenne associated with Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse are hostile to the United States (the Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought in Montana the next year).
November 16 - Battle at Gundet - Abyssinean emperor Yohannes beats Egyptians
December 4 - Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Cuba, then Spain.
Unknown date
Wimbledon championships|Wimbledon: Henry Cavendish Jones convinced the "All England Croquet Club" to replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court.
Treaty of Saint Petersburg is signed between Japan and Russia.
Tong wars begin in San Francisco
The Theosophical Society was founded in New York by Helena Blavatsky, H. S. Olcott, W. Q. Judge, and others.
The Arya Samaj was founded in Mumbai by Swami Dayananda.
Births
January
January 5 - J. Stuart Blackton | James Stuart Blackton, American film producer (d. 1941)
January 7 - Thomas J. Hicks, American runner (d. 1963)
January 9 - Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor and socialite (d. 1942)
January 11 - Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956)
January 14 - Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician, philosopher, and musician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1965)
January 15 - Tom Burke, American runner (d. 1929)
January 22 - D. W. Griffith, American film director (d. 1948)
February
February 2 - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (d. 1962)
February 21 - Jeanne Calment, Oldest person in recorded history (d. 1997)
March
March 7 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
March 26 - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (d. 1965)
March 30 - Jonathan Campbell, American film pioneer (d. 1942)
April
April 1 - Edgar Wallace, English writer (d. 1932)
April 2 - Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
April 4 - Pierre Monteux, French conductor (d. 1964)
April 5 - Mistinguett, French singer (d. 1956)
April 8 - King Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
April 15 - James J. Jeffries, American boxer (d. 1953)
May
May 11 - Harriet Quimby, American pilot (d. 1912)
May 12 - Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1949)
June
June 6 - Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
June 12 - Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953)
June 24 - Diedrich Westermann, German linguist (d. 1956)
June 28 - Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941)
July
July 26 - Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961)
July 26 - Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939)
August
August 15 - Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer (d. 1912)
August 21 - Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (d. 1954)
August 27 - Katharine McCormick, American suffragist (d. 1967)
September
September 1 - Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (d. 1950)
October
October 1 - Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (d. 1930)
October 12 - Aleister Crowley, British occultist (d. 1947)
October 23 - Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
December
December 4 - Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet (d. 1926)
December 5 - Arthur Currie, Canadian military leader (d. 1933)
December 19 - Mileva Maric, Albert Einstein's first wife (d. 1948)
December 25 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. 1955)
Deaths
January 23 - Charles Kingsley, English writer (b. 1819)
February 22 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter (b. 1796)
February 22 - Sir Charles Lyell, British geologist (b. 1797)
March 1 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
May 17 - John C. Breckinridge, Vice President of the United States (b. 1821)
June 3 - Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1836)
June 4 - Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)
June 25- Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
July 30 - George Pickett, American Confederate General (b. 1825)
July 31 - Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
August 4 - Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805)
August 10 - Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808)
August 17 - Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (b. 1827)
September 22 - Charles Bianconi, Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b. 1786)
October 10 - Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1817)
October 12 - Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (b. 1827)
November 22 - Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)
November 24 - William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American businessman (b. 1792)
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