1895
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'''1895''' was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar).
Events
January
January 5 - Dreyfus Affair: France|French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
February
February 11 - The lowest ever United Kingdom|UK temperature of -27.2°C (measured as -17°F) was recorded at Braemar in Aberdeenshire (traditional)|Aberdeenshire. This record was equalled in 1982.
February 14 - First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest (St. James' Theatre in London).
March
March 1 - William L. Wilson is appointed United States Postmaster General
March 3 - In Munich, bicycle|bicyclists have to pass a test and display license plates
April
April 6 - Oscar Wilde is arrested after losing a libel case against the John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry|Marquess of Queensberry.
April 14 - a major earthquake severely damages Ljubljana, Slovenia.
April 17 - The Treaty of Shimonoseki (also known as Treaty of Maguan) was signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)|Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of the Fengtien Political divisions of China|province, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.
May
May 25 - Playwright, poet and novelist Oscar Wilde is convicted of "sodomy and gross indecency" and sentenced to serve two years in a London prison.
June
June 11 - United Kingdom|Britain annexes Togoland
June 28 - Union of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador begins (ends in 1898).
July
July 15 - Archie MacLaren scores County Championship record innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton.
August
August 19 - American frontier murderer and outlaw, John Wesley Hardin, is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, Texas.
August 29 - The sport of rugby league is formed at a meeting in the George Hotel, Huddersfield, England.
September
September 3 - The first professional American football|football game is played, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club. (Latrobe won the contest 12-0.).
September 18 - Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta Compromise Speech.
November
November 5 - George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
November 8 - Wilhelm Röntgen discovers a type of electromagnetic radiation|radiation later known as X-rays.
November 27 - At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies (he died of a cerebral hemorrhage on December 10, 1896).
December
December 28 - Auguste Lumiere|Auguste and Louis Lumiere display their first moving picture film in Paris
Unknown date
Dundela FC were formed in Belfast, Northern Ireland
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky proposes a space elevator
Most recent major earthquake in the New Madrid Fault Zone
Grace Chisholm Young, the first woman awarded a doctorate at a German university
W.E.B. Du Bois becomes the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University
Duck Reach Power Station opens
Births
January-March
January 1 - J. Edgar Hoover, American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. 1972)
January 15 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
January 21 - Cristobal Balenciaga, Spanish-French couturier (d. 1972)
January 24 - Eugen Roth, German writer (d. 1976)
January 30 - Wilhelm Gustloff, German-born Swiss Nazi party leader( d. 1936)
February 2 - George Halas, American football player, coach, and co-founder of the National Football League (d. 1983)
February 6 - Babe Ruth, baseball player (d. 1948)
February 14 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1973)
February 15 - Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (d. 1971)
February 21 - Carl Peter Henrik Dam, Danish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
March 3 - Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
March 3 - Matthew Ridgway, Commander of NATO, United States Army Chief of Staff (d. 1993)
March 12 - William C. Lee, U.S. general (d. 1948)
March 17 - Shemp Howard, American actor and comedian (d. 1955)
March 20 - Robert Benoist, French race car driver and war hero (d. 1944)
March 29 - Ernst Jünger, German author (d. 1998)
April-June
April 1 - Alberta Hunter, American singer (d. 1984)
April 3 - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (d. 1968)
April 9 - Mance Lipscomb, American singer (d. 1976)
April 15 - Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker and billiards player (d. 1980)
April 20 - Emile Christian, American musician (d. 1973)
April 28 - Spencer W. Kimball, president of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1985)
April 29 - Malcolm Sargent, English conductor (d. 1967)
May 6 - Rodolfo Valentino, Italian actor (d. 1926)
May 8 - Fulton J. Sheen, American Catholic archbishop and television personality (d. 1979)
May 12 - William Giauque, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
May 15 - William D. Byron, U.S. Congressman (d. 1941)
May 30 - Nikolai Bulganin, Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1975)
May 30 - Maurice Tate, English cricketer (d. 1956)
June 10 - Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
July-September
July 8 - Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
July 10 - Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
July 12 - Kirstin Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1982)
July 12 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
July 24 - Robert Graves, English writer (d. 1985)
July 25 - Yvonne Printemps, French singer and actress (d. 1977)
August 16 - Liane Haid, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
September 7 - Sir Brian Horrocks, British general (d. 1985)
September 11 - Vinoba Bhave, Indian religious leader (d. 1982)
September 24 - André Frédéric Cournand, French-born physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1988)
September 29 - Joseph Banks Rhine|J.B. Rhine, American parapsychologist (d. 1980)
October-December
October 2 - Bud Abbott, American actor (d. 1974)
October 4 - Buster Keaton, American actor and film director (d. 1966)
October 8 - King Zog of Albania (d. 1961)
October 19 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
October 21 - Edna Purviance, actress (d. 1958)
October 22 - Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (d. 1980)
October 25 - Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
October 30 - Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (declined) (d. 1964)
October 30 - Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1973)
October 31 - Basil Liddell Hart, military historian (d. 1970)
November 5 - Walter Gieseking, German pianist (d. 1956)
November 15 - Antoni Slonimski|Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet and writer (d. 1976)
November 16 - Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)
November 25 - Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991)
November 29 - Busby Berkeley, American film director and choreographer (d. 1976)
December 2 - Harriet Cohen, English pianist (d. 1967)
December 14 - Paul Eluard, French poet (d. 1952)
December 14 - King George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952)
Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
Deaths
January 9 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American watchmaker (b. 1812)
January 10 - Benjamin Godard, French composer (b. 1849)
February 2 - Archduke Albert (1817-1895)|Archduke Albert, Austrian general (b. 1817)
February 20 - Frederick Douglass, American ex-slave and author (b. 1818)
March 2 - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
March 10 - Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (b. 1826)
May 19 - José Martí, Cuban independence leader (b. 1853)
May 21 - Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (b. 1819)
June 29 - Sir Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist (b. 1825)
August 5 - Friedrich Engels, German socialist philosopher (b. 1820)
August 22 - Luzon B. Morris, American politician (b. 1827)
September 28 - Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist (b. 1822)
October 8 - Empress Myeongseong of Korea|Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), last Korean empress (b. 1851)
October 25 - Charles Hallé, German-born pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
November 27 - Alexandre Dumas, fils, French author and playwright (b. 1824)
Date unknown
Green Clay Smith, American politician (b. 1826).
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