1934
|
'''1934''' '''(MCMXXXIV)''' was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar).
Events
January-April
January 1 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
January 1 - Nazi Germany passes the "Compulsory sterilization#Germany|Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring."
January 7 - First Flash Gordon comic strip is published.
January 10 - Execution of Marinus van der Lubbe
January 24 - Einstein visits White House
January 26 - The Apollo Theater opens in Harlem, New York City.
February 9 - Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France
February 12 - The Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
February 12 to February 16 - Austrian Civil War
February 23 - Léopold III of Belgium|Léopold III becomes King of Belgium.
March 1 - Manchuria becomes Manchukuo
March 3 - John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol
March 8 - Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uplandia|Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage
March 20 - All the police forces in Germany come under command of Heinrich Himmler
April 1 - Clyde Barrow and Henry Methvin kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
April 6 - Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
April 19 - surgery|Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly takes a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster.
April 22 - John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI ambush in northern Wisconsin
May-June
May 7 - Pearl of Lao-Tze, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a giant clam off Palawan, Philippines
May 11 - Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
May 15 - The United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for John Dillinger.
May 15 - Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 23 - Near their hide-out in Black Lake, Louisiana, FBI men ambush bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow and fire, killing them.
May 24 - Tomás Masaryk re-elected president of Czechoslovakia
May 28 - Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Olivia and Elzire Dionne later becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
June 6 - New Deal: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
June 9 - Release of the animated short ''The Wise Little Hen'', directed by Bert Gillett for the Silly Symphonies series, featuring the debut of Donald Duck.
June 10 - Italy national football team|Italy beat Czechoslovakia national football team|Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time to win the Football World Cup 1934|1934 World Cup.
June 12 - Political parties banned in Bulgaria
June 27 - Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty
June 30 - The Nazi Sturmabteilung|SA camp Oranienburg becomes national camp, taken over by the SS.
June 30 - Night of the Long Knives - Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung|SA
July-September
July 10 - German social democrat and author Erich Mühsam killed in Oranienburg concentration camp
July 17 - Supreme court of North Dakota declares lieutenant governor of the state, Ole Olsen, the legitimate governor and tells William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him
July 19 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal|Prime Minister of Portugal (1980; died in office).
July 22 - Outside Chicago, Illinois's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
July 25 - Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
August 2 - Adolf Hitler becomes ''Führer'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
August 19 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
September 8 - Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner ''SS Morro Castle|Morro Castle'' kills 134 people.
September 19 - Soviet Union joins the League of Nations
September 21 - Hurricane in Honshu, Japan - 4000 dead
November 27 - A running gun battle between FBI agents and bank robber Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Sam Cowley, who is still able to mortally shoot Nelson.
September 28 - Afghanistan joins the League of Nations
September 28 - Trial for the custody of young Gloria Vanderbilt begins - it lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise
September 29 - Stanley Matthews makes his England national football team|England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career
October-December
October 2 - Tornado in Osaka and Kyoto and destroys the rice harvest - 1660 dead, 5400 injured
October 6 - Catalonian separatism|separatists rebel
October 9 - King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille
October 16 - The Long March of Chinese communists begins
November 13 - Italian government decrees that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class
November 21 - Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the Leg before wicket|lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s - primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
November 23 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
December 1 - In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolayev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder).
December 5 - Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 14 - Female suffrage in Turkey
December 18 - Low-key fascism|fascist conference in Moreaux
December 27 - Iran|Persia becomes Iran
December 29 - Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
Unknown dates
The sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
First Jay Gordon record is made.
The GPU becomes the NKVD.
The Maginot Line is finished.
Abidjan becomes the capital of the France|French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.
Births
January
January 7 - Charlie Jenkins, American runner
January 9 - Bart Starr, American football player
January 11 - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada
January 16 - Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
January 18 - Raymond Briggs, English writer and illustrator
January 20 - Tom Baker, English actor
January 22 - Bill Bixby, American television actor (d. 1993)
January 24 - Stanislaw Grochowiak|Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)
February
February 5 - Hank Aaron, baseball player
February 7 - Earl King, American musician (d. 2003)
February 10 - Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
February 11 - Tina Louise, American actress
February 11 - Mary Quant, English fashion designer
February 11 - John Surtees, British race car driver
February 12 - Bill Russell (basketball)|Bill Russell, American basketball player
February 13 - George Segal, American actor
February 14 - Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
February 14 - Florence Henderson, American television actress
February 15 - Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
February 17 - Alan Bates, English actor (d. 2003)
February 17 - Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
February 20 - Bobby Unser, American race car driver
February 21 - Rue McClanahan, American actress
February 22 - Sparky Anderson, baseball manager
February 24 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
February 24 - Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
February 27 - Ralph Nader, American consumer activist
March-April
March 1 - Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d. 2005)
March 1 - Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
March 4 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
March 5 - Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate
March 7 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
March 9 - Yuri Gagarin, cosmonaut (d. 1968)
March 11 - Sam Donaldson, American reporter
March 13 - Barry Hughart, American author
March 16 - Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian Governor-General (d. 2002)
March 20 - Willie Brown (politician)|Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
March 22 - Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
March 26 - Alan Arkin, American actor
March 31 - Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
March 31 - Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate
April 1 - Rod Kanehl, baseball player (d. 2004)
April 2 - Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
April 2 - Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
April 3 - Jane Goodall, English zoologist
April 24 - Shirley MacLaine, American actress
April 29 - Otis Rush, American musician
May-August
May 3 - Henry Cooper (boxer)|Henry Cooper, British boxer
May 9 - Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
May 13 - Leon Wagner, baseball player (d. 2004)
May 14 - Sian Phillips|Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
May 19 - Jim Lehrer, American television journalist
May 21 - Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
May 22 - Peter Nero, American pianist
May 23 - Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer
May 27 - Harlan Ellison, American writer
May 28 - Dionne quintuplets, world's first surviving quintuplets
May 30 - Aleksei Leonov, cosmonaut
June 3 - Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
June 6 - King Albert II of Belgium
June 16 - William Forsyth Sharpe, American economicst, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate
June 26 - Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965)
June 30 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
July 1 - Jean Marsh, British actress
July 11 - Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
July 12 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
July 13 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate
July 13 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
July 14 - John Tyndall (politician)|John Tyndall, British politician (d. 2005)
July 15 - Harrison Birtwistle, English composer
August 2 - Valery Bykovsky, cosmonaut
August 18 - Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)
September-December
September 2 - Dominic Chianese, American actor
September 4 - Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate
September 7 - Little Milton, American musician
September 8 - Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer
September 10 - Charles Kuralt, American journalist (d. 1997)
September 17 - Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969)
September 20 - Sophia Loren, Italian actress
October 1 - Chuck Hiller, baseball player (d. 2004)
October 2 - Earl Wilson, baseball player (d. 2005)
October 17 - Rico Rodriguez, Jamaican trombonist
October 18 - Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
October 26 - Roy Ascott, British artist
October 30 - Frans Brüggen, Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor
November 1 - Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d. 2004)
November 9 - Carl Sagan, American astronomer (d. 1996)
November 12 - Charles Manson, serial killer
November 24 - Alfred Schnittke, Volga German composer (d. 1998)
December 2 - Andre Rodgers, baseball player (d. 2004)
December 3 - Viktor Gorbatko, cosmonaut
December 4 - Wink Martindale, American game show host and disc jockey
December 9 - Judi Dench, English actress
December 9 - Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d. 1998)
December 10 - Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
December 16 - Elgin Baylor, American basketball player
December 18 - Boris Volynov, cosmonaut
December 19 - Al Kaline, baseball player
December 27 - Larissa Latynina, Russian gymnast
December 28 - Maggie Smith, English actress
December 30 - Joseph P. Hoar, U.S. Marine commander
December 30 - John N. Bahcall|John Norris Bahcall, American astrophysicist (d. 2005)
December 30 - Del Shannon, American singer (d. 1990)
Unknown dates
Jayakanthan, Tamil writer
Deaths
January 10 - Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b. 1909)
January 29 - Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
February 17 - Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
February 23 - Edward Elgar, English composer (b. 1857)
March 15 - Davidson Black, Cnadian-born Paleoanthropologist (b.1884).
March 29 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born millionaire philanthropist (b. 1867)
May 23 - Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1909)
May 23 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1910)
May 25 - Gustav Holst, English composer (b. 1874)
May 30 - Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
June 10 - Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
June 11 - Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b. 1896)
July 4 - Maria Sklodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Nobel Prize in Physics|physics (b. 1867)
July 8 - Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
July 22 - John Dillinger, American criminal (b. 1903)
July 25 - François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874)
July 25 - Englebert Dolfuss, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
July 25 - Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b. 1889)
July 26 - Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b. 1871)
July 28 - Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
August 2 - Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (b. 1847)
September 2 - Alcide Nunez, American musician (b. 1884)
October 17 - Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852)
November 2 - Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b. 1845)
November 16 - Alice Liddell, English schoolgirl, inspiration for ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (b. 1852)
December 1 - Sergei Kirov, Soviet leader (b. 1886)
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize/Physics|Physics - not awarded
Nobel Prize/Chemistry|Chemistry - Harold Clayton Urey
Nobel Prize/Physiology or medicine|Medicine - George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
Nobel Prize in literature|Literature - Luigi Pirandello
Nobel Prize/Peace|Peace - Arthur Henderson
|