February 13

Events

1130 - Pope Innocent II|Innocent II is voted Pope.

1542 - Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.

1575 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims

1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.

1635 - The first public school in the United States|U.S., Boston Latin Public School, is founded.

1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation.

1689 - William III of England|William and Mary II of England|Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.

1692 - Massacre of Glencoe : About 78 Clan Donald|Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William II of Scotland|William of Orange.

1815 - The Cambridge Union Society founded.

1866 - The first daylight robbery in United States history during peacetime takes place in Liberty, Missouri. This is considered to be the first robbery committed by Jesse James and his gang, although James's role is disputed.

1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.

1881 - The feminist newspaper ''La Citoyenne'' is first published in Paris by activist Hubertine Auclert.

1894 - Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the ''Cinematographe'', a combination movie camera and projector.

1914 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

1920 - The Negro National League (the first)|Negro National League is formed.

1934 - The Soviet Union|Soviet steamship ''Cheliuskin (ship)|Cheliuskin'' sinks in the Arctic Ocean.

1935 - A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh kidnapping|Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.

1945 - World War II: Soviet Union forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.

1945 - World War II: The Royal Air Force bombers were dispatched to Dresden, Germany (see Bombing of Dresden in World War II).

1955 - Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.

1960 - Nuclear testing: France tests its first atomic bomb.

1971 - Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.

1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.

1978 - Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.

1979 - The intense February 13, 1979 Windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge

1984 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1988 - 1988 Winter Olympic Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

1990 - German reunification: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.

1991 - Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy an underground bunker in Baghdad killing hundreds of Iraqis civilians.

1996 - The Nepalese People's War began.

1997 - Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope is started by astronauts from the Space Shuttle Discovery.

1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 7,000 for the Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average|first time closing at 7,022.44.

2000 - The last original "Peanuts" comic strip appears in newspapers one day after Charles M. Schulz dies.

2001 - An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter Scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.

2002 - Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom gives former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani an honorary knighthood.

2004 - Travis Metcalfe from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovers the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star ''BPM 37093''.

Births

1457 - Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles of Burgundy|Charles the Bold and wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1482)

1480 - Girolamo Aleandro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1542)

1599 - Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)

1672 - Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)

1743 - Joseph Banks, English botanist and naturalist (d. 1820)

1768 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (d. 1835)

1769 - Ivan Krylov, Russian fabulist (d. 1844)

1805 - Peter Gustav Dirichlet, German mathematician (d. 1859)

1873 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (d. 1938)

1884 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athelete, inventor, and businessman (d. 1961)

1885 - Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982)

1892 - Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)

1903 - Georges Simenon, French writer (d. 1989)

1910 - William Shockley, American physicist and eugenicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)

1913 - George Barker (poet)|George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)

1913 - Rosa Parks, Civil rights activist

1915 - Aung San, Burmese Nationalist (d. 1945)

1918 - Patty Berg, American golfer

1919 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)

1919 - Eddie Robinson (football coach)|Eddie Robinson, American football coach

1920 - Eileen Farrell, American opera soprano (d. 2002)

1923 - Michael Anthony Bilandic|Michael Bilandic, Mayor of Chicago (d. 2002)

1923 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)

1923 - Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official

1929 - Omar Torrijos, Panamanian ruler (d. 1981)

1930 - Ernst Fuchs (artist)|Ernst Fuchs, Austrian artist

1933 - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon

1933 - Kim Novak, American actress

1934 - George Segal, American actor

1937 - Susan Oliver, American actress (d. 1990)

1938 - Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)

1939 - Beate Klarsfeld, German Holocaust investigator

1941 - Sigmar Polke, German painter

1942 - Carol Lynley, American actress

1942 - Peter Tork, American musician and actor (The Monkees)

1943 - Geoff Edwards, American game show host

1944 - Stockard Channing, American actress

1944 - Jerry Springer, American television host

1944 - Bo Svenson, Swedish-born actor

1946 - Colin Matthews, British composer

1947 - Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball player and coach

1950 - Peter Gabriel, English musician (Genesis (band)|Genesis)

1951 - David Naughton, American actor and singer

1954 - Donnie Moore, baseball player (d. 1989)

1956 - Peter Hook, English bassist (Joy Division and New Order)

1958 - Pernilla August, Swedish actress

1960 - Pierluigi Collina, Italian football referee

1960 - Matt Salinger, American actor

1961 - CEvin Key|cEvin Key, musician

1961 - Henry Rollins, American musician

1962 - Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, American politician

1964 - Mark Patton, American actor

1968 - Kelly Hu, American actress

1971 - Sonia, British singer

1971 - Mats Sundin, Swedish hockey player

1974 - Robbie Williams, English singer

1975 - Iván González, Puerto Rican disc jockey and musician

1977 - Randy Moss, American football player

1979 - Mena Suvari, American actress

Deaths

1130 - Pope Honorius II, Catholic Pope

1219 - Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1192)

1322 - Andronicus II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1260)

1539 - Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)

1542 - Catherine Howard, queen of Henry VIII of England (executed) (b. 1525)

1571 - Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)

1585 - Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (b. 1515)

1592 - Jacopo Bassano, Italian painter

1600 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)

1602 - Alexander Nowell, English clergyman

1608 - Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Lithuanian prince (b. 1526)

1624 - Stephen Gosson, English satirist (b. 1554)

1657 - Miles Sindercombe, attempted assassin of Oliver Cromwell

1660 - King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1622)

1662 - Elizabeth of Bohemia (b. 1596)

1727 - William Wotton, English scholar (b. 1666)

1728 - Cotton Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1663)

1732 - Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1640)

1787 - Rudjer Josip Boscovich|Ruđer Bošković, Croatian scientist and diplomat (b. 1711)

1787 - Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French statesman and diplomat (b. 1717)

1813 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1725)

1845 - Henrik Steffens, Norwegian-German philosopher (b. 1773)

1883 - Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)

1950 - Rafael Sabatini, Italian author (b. 1875)

1951 - Lloyd C. Douglas, American author (b. 1877)

1952 - Josephine Tey, English author (b. 1896)

1964 - Gerald Gardner, British writer (b. 1884)

1968 - Mae Marsh, American actress (b. 1895)

1976 - Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian military leader (b. 1938)

1976 - Lily Pons, French-born soprano (b. 1904)

1989 - Wayne Hays, American politician (b. 1911)

1980 - David Janssen, American actor (b. 1930)

1996 - Martin Balsam, American actor (b. 1919)

2000 - James Cooke Brown, American author and inventor (b. 1921)

2000 - Charles Schulz, American cartoonist (b. 1922)

2002 - Waylon Jennings, American musician (b. 1937)

2003 - Kid Gavilan, Cuban boxer (b. 1926)

2003 - Axel Jensen, Norwegian author (b. 1932)

2003 - Walt Rostow, U.S. government official (b. 1916)

2004 - Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen leader (b. 1952)

2005 - Nelson Briles, baseball player (b. 1943)

2005 - Lucia dos Santos, Carmelite nun (b. 1907)

2005 - Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances

1991, 2002, 2013 Ash Wednesday

Paul Mazza Day

External links

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/13

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050213.html ---- February 12 - February 14 - January 13 - March 13 -- historical anniversaries|listing of all days