Georgy Malenkov
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'''Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov''' (Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в) (GHYOR-ghee mah-leen-KOF) (January 8 1902 , 1901, Julian Calendar|Old Style] - January 14, 1988) was a Soviet Union|Soviet politician and Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party leader, and a close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. He briefly became leader of the Soviet Union (March–September 1953) after Stalin's death and was Premier of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1955.
Malenkov was born in Orenburg, Russia, in an army officer's family of Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian origin. He joined the Red Army in 1919 and the Communist Party in April 1920. During his military service, he was a political commissar. After leaving the Red Army in 1921, he studied in Moscow Higher Technical School. After graduating in 1925, he worked for the Communist Party and became one of Stalin's confidants. Together with Lavrenty Beria, Malenkov aided Stalin during the Great Purge|purges of the late 1930s. He became a rival of Beria.
Named as candidate for the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee|Politburo, Malenkov joined in 1946. Although Malenkov fell out of favor in place of his rivals Andrei Zhdanov and Beria, he soon came back into Stalin's favor, especially because of Zhdanov's downfall. Beria soon joined Malenkov, and both of them saw all of Zhdanov's allies purged from the Party and sent to labour camps. In 1952, Malenkov became a member of the party Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee|Secretariat. The death of Stalin in 1953 briefly brought Malenkov to the highest office he would ever hold. With Beria's support, Malenkov became Premier of the Soviet Union|Chairman of the Council of Ministers (or Premier) as well as General Secretary of the CPSU|First Secretary of the party, but he had to resign from the Secretariat on March 13th due to the opposition of other members of the Presidium. Nikita Khrushchev assumed the position of General Secretary of the CPSU|First Secretary in September ushering in a period of a Malenkov-Khrushchev ''duumvirate''.
Malenkov retained the office of premier for two years, during which he was the ''de facto'' leader of the Soviet Union. During these years, he was vocal about his opposition to nuclear weapons|nuclear armament, declaring "a nuclear war could lead to global destruction." He also advocated refocussing the economy on the production of consumer goods and away from heavy industry, something his succesor Nikita Khrushchev (1955-1964) would escalate.
He was forced to resign in February 1955 after he came under attack for his closeness to Beria (who was executed as a traitor in December 1953) and for the slow pace of reforms, particularly when it came to rehabilitating political prisoners. Malenkov remained in the Politburo's successor, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee|Presidium. However, in 1957 he was again forced to resign due to participation in a failed attempt together with Nikolai Bulganin, Vyacheslav Molotov, and Lazar Kaganovich (the so-called Anti-Party Group) to depose Khrushchev. Unlike Stalin, Khrushchev spared their lives and reduced their influence on Soviet politics. In 1961, he was expelled from the Communist Party and exiled within the Soviet Union. He became a manager of a hydroelectric plant in Kazakhstan until his death.
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