October 13

Events

54 - Roman Emperor Claudius dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina the younger|Agrippina.

1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.

1307 - All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Philip_IV_of_France|Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.

1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).

1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.

1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by United Kingdom|British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.

1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).

1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.

1918 - Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I

1943 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.

1944 - World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is taken over by the Red Army

1946 - France adopts the constitution of the French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic.

1960 - 1960 World Series: Baseballer Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.

1962 - ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' opens on Broadway theatre|Broadway.

1972 - An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176

1972 - Andes flight disaster: ''Fairchild'' passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 film ''''.

1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)

1976 - The first Electron microscope|electron micrograph of an Ebola virus|viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at University of California, Davis|U.C. Davis, who was then working at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|C.D.C..

1977 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.

1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.

1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).

2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, ''PLoS Biology''.

2005 - John Peel#Peel Day|Peel Day First annual BBC proclaimed "Peel Day" celebrating Life and Work of BBC DJ John Peel.

Births

709 - Emperor Konin|Emperor Kōnin Japan (d. 781)

1162 - Leonora of England, queen of Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)

1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)

1453 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)

1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d.1515)

1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)

1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)

1713 - Allan Ramsay (1713-1784)|Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)

1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)

1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)

1853 - Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)

1862 - Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)

1876 - Rube Waddell, baseball player(d. 1914)

1880 - Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)

1909 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)

1909 - Herblock |Herbert Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)

1911 - Ashok Kumar (actor)|Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)

1915 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)

1915 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)

1917 - Laraine Day, American actor

1917 - Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)

1918 - Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (d. 1951)

1921 - Yves Montand, Italian-born singer and actor (d. 1991)

1923 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player

1924 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian, actor, and television personality (d. 2005)

1925 - Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)

1925 - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

1931 - Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)

1931 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer

1932 - Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)

1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer

1938 - Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)

1940 - Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist

1941 - Paul Simon, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist

1942 - Jerry Jones, American football team owner

1944 - Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago (band)|Chicago)

1946 - Edwina Currie, British politician

1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer

1948 - Ted Poe, American politician

1950 - Dan Seals, American singer and songwriter

1953 - Pat Day, American jockey

1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician

1956 - Chris Carter, American television producer

1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer

1959 - Marie Osmond, American singer, actress, and television personality

1962 - Kelly Preston, American actress

1962 - Jerry Rice, American football star

1964 - Niè Hǎishèng, Chinese astronaut

1969 - Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater

1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen, British comedian

1971 - Pyrros Dimas, Albanian weightlifter

1971- Billy Bush, American TV host (Access Hollywood)

1973 - Brian Dawkins, American football player

1974 - Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)

1978 - Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player

1979 - Wes Brown, English footballer

1980 - Ashanti (artist)|Ashanti, American musician

1980 - Magne Hoset, Norwegian footballer

1982 - Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer

Deaths

54 - Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)

1282 - Nichiren Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)

1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1381)

1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)

1605 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)

1673 - Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)

1687 - Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)

1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)

1706 - Iyasus I of Ethiopia|Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)

1715 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)

1759 - John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)

1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)

1812 - Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)

1815 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)

1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria (d. 1756)

1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)

1882 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)

1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1816)

1905 - Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)

1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)

1917 - Florence La Badie, American actress

1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)

1945 - Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)

1950 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)

1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)

1966 - Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)

1968 - Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)

1974 - Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)

1979 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)

1987 - Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)

1990 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)

2002 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)

2003 - Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)

2005 - Vivian Malone|Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist

Holidays and observances

Roman festivals - ''Fontanalia'': festival dedicated to Fontus

Calendar of Saints|RC Saints - translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor; memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac

Also see October 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

John Peel|John Peel Day - A day celebrating the life and influence of the late John Peel.

External links

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/13 ---- October 12 - October 14 - September 13 - November 13 - more historical anniversaries